Post by Maestro on Oct 22, 2007 20:13:41 GMT 5.5
Introduction
An Engineer job is to provide a complete solution in his area of work by Using optimum Men, Material, Machine, and Money for the comfortable and reliable products to the human society. Faster change of product design for the comforts of the human kind, Leeds to often bottle neck situation to engineers particularly to face the competition, delivery, and quality. In recent years it is so happened that the product Conception and the Retirement become shorter, so any product gets absolute with in the shorter period of time. The industries expected to delivers the products with latest version in shorter time to sustain in the competitive market. The Design and Manufacturing process changes radically to meet more small quantity of more customized product to give feeling of customer’s special attention. Hence yesterday comforts become today’s basic need. Days are gone out just casually “Throwing the Product design” for the manufacturing and then for the society use.
CAD/CAM - A Look
Recent days more and more companies wanted their technicians and engineers, ready to fit in any work force though they are fresher. So it is becoming great challenges to get the suitable trained manpower in CAD/CAM and allied fields. Many fresh graduates fall in the trap of fake training centers who through false promises. Due to lack of up gradation of our university syllabus system in the subjects like Advance Production Technology, CAD/CAM etc with respect to today’s practical approach, puts a large gap between university and industries in most emerging areas. To address this gap government of India investing huge quantity of money in its establishments in tie-up with many countries/Agencies by bilateral agreements, to supply qualitative trained man power. Adequate measures are taking places through the need based training program by the Government Industry-Institute guiding the industrial society based on imposed challenges in the area of design and manufacturing.
Engineering Design:
General engineering design is divided into two categories, aesthetic design and functional design. In 2d work flow both design have problem to reach the objective. Also it becomes difficult to find the track of error. It is necessary to use Modern CAD system to eliminate all possible error that seeks last minute changes. The first creative stage of any design is to generate concepts. Many successes full company while going for new products, generates few concepts and then select the best by doing brain storming session. The engineers are expected to actively participate in the session to “freeze” the Design. Then the design is put in CAD system for feed backs with in the design development team.
1) Trends in CAD/CAM.
I) What is CAD?
Computer Aided Design is concerned to support the Design Engineering activity, that includes Creation of 2D/3D Geometric Models, Doing Engineering Analysis, Evaluating the Design by simulation and Produce Rapid Drafting for Manufacturing” with help of computer. The Traditional CAD System offers 2D Drafting, 3D modeling with Limited Modification Capability. This System substitute Drafting Board completely.
èTrends in CAD The high End 3D CAD Tool Provides many solution under one platform. It offers Feature Based –Parametric Modeling which understands the lump of the part as a future that allows the designer to modify the part in response to the analysis report or manufacturing process. If alteration made in one feature will automatically change other related (dependent) features. Dimensional and Geometrical Constrains Plays a major roll in this parametric design Tech. If Part Model changes the concern assembly and drafted drawing also changes. By FEA (Finite Element Analysis) we can optimize the designs by quickly simulating many concepts and scenarios before making a final decision, gives more time to think of new designs. Testing the designs on the computer instead of expensive and time-consuming field tests which leads to significant reduction in product development cycles (PDC), Cost and time-to-market is one the advantage. FEA divides the model into many small pieces of simple shapes called elements which shares the command point called nodes is the basic concept. The emergence of Air Craft Companies in India gives lots of opportunity those who know Class ‘A’ surface. These aesthetic/ free form surfaces are widely used in Automotive and Space capsules. Surface modeling plays important roll in manufacturing for 4 and 5 axis machining. CNC code changes automatically if CAD geometry modifies is one of the greatest advantages. Further CAD provides Versatile formats, Brilliant Presentation, Updated Export import facility with the other CAD formats. The modern CAD System Helps Product Design under practical constrains, Helps enormously Imaginative concept, Provides Optimality of design that are Value engineered for cost, Drawing produced form 3D confirms to updated ANSI, ISO Etc.
II) What is CAM?
CAM (computer aided manufacturing) is defined as “the effective use of computer technology in manufacturing planning and control”. Often there is confusion between the term manufacturing and production. Proving the component that is to be produced in large quantity is called manufacturing technology. That mainly includes planning the tools, fixtures, feed, and speed and also Selection of Materials, CNC machine, Program version and capable CAM systems, process planning etc. Once it is proved the component may allot for the production which produce in lots. This includes capacity planning, costing, Time management etc. A typical CAM includes a CAM system, CNC machine with compactable controller DNC link for feeding the program. The CAM job is to generate the program based on the geometric model. DNC job is to communicate the program to the Dummy terminal and to the CNC M/Cs which cuts the raw material to the finished part. The modern CAM system provides 5Axies facility to machine the most intricate parts at one setting. Some CAM system provides color coding for the extra part material that still to be machined.
III) What is CIM?
Computer Integrated Manufacturing is an integrated approach to maintain a Common Database for CAD, CAM and Business control. CIM includes all of the CAD/CAM, R&D, e-Publishing and also embrace the business functions of a manufacturing. CIM implements computer technology in all the operational and information processing activities related to manufacturing.
University Engineering Subjects and Their Respective Computer Based Tools
S.No Engineering Subjects CAD/CAE/CAM
01 Strength of Material Finite Element Analysis,
02 Theory of Machines Digital Mock-up, Kinematics Simulation
03 Fluid Power Computational Fluid Dynamics, Pipe design
04 Production Tech NC,CNC, DNC, CAM CIM, RP
05 Machine Design C A Design, PLM,
06 Machine Drawing C A Drafting
07 Industrial Engineering CAPP, layout design for a manufacturing plant.
08 Equipments & System Electrical Harness ,Cable system, PCB Design
09 Heat transfer, fridge & AC HVAC Tools
10 Engineering metrology Tolerance & Interference Analysis Tools, CMM, RE
11 Tool Engineering Mould Flow Analysis, PT Design,
13 Power Plant Engineering Thermal Analysis
14 Electrical M/Cs Electro magnetic Field Analysis coupled-field analysis
15 Element of M/C Design MechCAD
2) Emerging Trends in CAD/CAM
Product development cycle Reverse Engineering Rapid prototyping Product life cycle management Virtual Manufacturing are emerging trends in CAD/CAM Technologies.
PLM is business strategy that helps companies share product data, applies common processes, and leverage corporate knowledge for the development of products from conception to retirement, across the extended enterprise PLM enables this entire network to operate as a single entity to conceptualise, design, build, and support products. Reverse Engineering The process of duplicating an existing part, component or product, without the aid o drawings, documentation, or computer model is known as Reverse Engineering. Reverse engineering involves acquiring 3D position data in the point cloud using laser scanners or by CMM’s Probe. A good surface is created from the point cloud using CAD System. Rapid Prototyping A family of unique fabrication processes developed to make engineering prototypes in minimum lead time based on a CAD model for testing purpose. 3D Printer is one of example which capture the CAD Model and print the by slicing the model in large quantity and prints it in the specific device attached to the CAD System. Virtual Manufacturing is nothing but manufacturing in the computer. The traditional design tools of manufacturing, CAD and CAM, can be significantly extended through VR. Using VR techniques, a complete "walk-through" of a design can be used to give an environment like feel.
National Institutes offering CAD/CAM
S.No Institution Course Offered Duration
01 CITD Hyderabad (An UNDP Pro.) SIDO TRAnd Extension Center across AP ME/MTech (IIPP)Short TermLong Term 3Yrs6 Months01` Yrs
02 Central Tool Room(Indo-German)Ludiana, SIDO TR Short TermRapid Prototype 01 to 06 Months
03 CTTC(An Indo-Danish Pro), SIDO Organization, Ministry of SSIBhubaneswer. Post Dip. CAD/CAM Adv. CNC TechMaster Certificate CAD/CAMSummer Pro. CAD,CAM,IAMTech -IIPP(Proposed) 01 Yr06 Month05 Months 30 to 45 Days02Yrs
04 IDTR, Jamsedpur, CTTC- Kolkkata SIDO Organization, Ministry of SSI PD in CAD/CAMShort Course 06 Months01 to 6 Months
05 IGTR Indore, Ahamadabad, Aurangabad, SIDO Organization, Ministry of SSI PD CAD/CAMShort course 01 Yr01-06 Month
06 NSIC- Training Centre Across the countryMinistry of SSI CAD/CAM Short Course 01 to 06 Months
07 PPDC- IDEMI,Mumbai-ESTC,NainitalSIDO Organization, Ministry of SSI PD cad/camShort Course 01 Yr01-06 Months
08 ATI/CTI - National Institutes - Across the CountryMinistry of Labor Short course CAD/CAM 01 To 06 Months
09 CIPET(An UNDP Pro.), Ministry of Chemical & Fertilizer Chennai, and Its Extension centers CAD/CAM Short course 1 to 6 Months
11 Anna University,AU-FRG Initiative Chennai CAD/CAM Short CourseAnd Part time Cad courses 01 Months Onwards…
12 IITs - National Institutes Across the Country M.Des 03Yrs
Some of them are formal PG Programs and many of them are Job oriented short/long programs. Many of the institutions are conducting one month to one year industry specific program which assures the job with less difficulty. The SIDO Establishment programs are designed carefully by the Task force committee of National standard by the Experts based on the need analysis. Most institution does intensive Tracer study and keeps the data-base of the alumnus. These activities keep this institution close to the industries and make the programs most effective.
Many fresh Mechanical, Production Automobile even electronic & electrical engineers wrongly thinks IT is the only way out. So mostly they fall in the trap of only doing some programming course which they haven’t studied in their Engineering carrier. There are ample of opportunity for the Engineering solution like Product modeling, Kinematics simulation, Manufacturing, Finite Element Analysis, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computer based structural analysis, Piping design, Electrical Harness Installation, PCB design, Assembly Mountings etc. Fresh Engineers must identify potential institute for training in CAD/CAM.
All CAD/CAM programs suits to the fresh engineers of Diploma to Degree to Post graduation and even experienced professionals can also do CAD/CAM courses for skill up gradation or to change the carrier to CAD/CAM.
3) Opportunities
Liberation of economic made gate way for many countries to open their technological, Design and manufacturing center in India. Chennai is one of the brightest examples for this and become next to Detroit, a world head quarter for automobile sector. Many of our Industrial giants working on the projects of aerospace, railway and automotive sectors which give more lucrative rewards for CAD/CAM Engineers. The sensitive Indian labor market doesn’t affect the CAD/CAM related work force because our market place has become really global. Hence the CAD/CAM professionals having fare chance to work at their client place like Australia, Japan, USA, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada etc due the project collaborations. A freshly and perfectly CAD/CAM trained Engineer gets salary as good as 10000INR to 20000INR and with two/three years experienced professionals gets salary as high as 35000 INR a unexplored true factor.
An Engineer job is to provide a complete solution in his area of work by Using optimum Men, Material, Machine, and Money for the comfortable and reliable products to the human society. Faster change of product design for the comforts of the human kind, Leeds to often bottle neck situation to engineers particularly to face the competition, delivery, and quality. In recent years it is so happened that the product Conception and the Retirement become shorter, so any product gets absolute with in the shorter period of time. The industries expected to delivers the products with latest version in shorter time to sustain in the competitive market. The Design and Manufacturing process changes radically to meet more small quantity of more customized product to give feeling of customer’s special attention. Hence yesterday comforts become today’s basic need. Days are gone out just casually “Throwing the Product design” for the manufacturing and then for the society use.
CAD/CAM - A Look
Recent days more and more companies wanted their technicians and engineers, ready to fit in any work force though they are fresher. So it is becoming great challenges to get the suitable trained manpower in CAD/CAM and allied fields. Many fresh graduates fall in the trap of fake training centers who through false promises. Due to lack of up gradation of our university syllabus system in the subjects like Advance Production Technology, CAD/CAM etc with respect to today’s practical approach, puts a large gap between university and industries in most emerging areas. To address this gap government of India investing huge quantity of money in its establishments in tie-up with many countries/Agencies by bilateral agreements, to supply qualitative trained man power. Adequate measures are taking places through the need based training program by the Government Industry-Institute guiding the industrial society based on imposed challenges in the area of design and manufacturing.
Engineering Design:
General engineering design is divided into two categories, aesthetic design and functional design. In 2d work flow both design have problem to reach the objective. Also it becomes difficult to find the track of error. It is necessary to use Modern CAD system to eliminate all possible error that seeks last minute changes. The first creative stage of any design is to generate concepts. Many successes full company while going for new products, generates few concepts and then select the best by doing brain storming session. The engineers are expected to actively participate in the session to “freeze” the Design. Then the design is put in CAD system for feed backs with in the design development team.
1) Trends in CAD/CAM.
I) What is CAD?
Computer Aided Design is concerned to support the Design Engineering activity, that includes Creation of 2D/3D Geometric Models, Doing Engineering Analysis, Evaluating the Design by simulation and Produce Rapid Drafting for Manufacturing” with help of computer. The Traditional CAD System offers 2D Drafting, 3D modeling with Limited Modification Capability. This System substitute Drafting Board completely.
èTrends in CAD The high End 3D CAD Tool Provides many solution under one platform. It offers Feature Based –Parametric Modeling which understands the lump of the part as a future that allows the designer to modify the part in response to the analysis report or manufacturing process. If alteration made in one feature will automatically change other related (dependent) features. Dimensional and Geometrical Constrains Plays a major roll in this parametric design Tech. If Part Model changes the concern assembly and drafted drawing also changes. By FEA (Finite Element Analysis) we can optimize the designs by quickly simulating many concepts and scenarios before making a final decision, gives more time to think of new designs. Testing the designs on the computer instead of expensive and time-consuming field tests which leads to significant reduction in product development cycles (PDC), Cost and time-to-market is one the advantage. FEA divides the model into many small pieces of simple shapes called elements which shares the command point called nodes is the basic concept. The emergence of Air Craft Companies in India gives lots of opportunity those who know Class ‘A’ surface. These aesthetic/ free form surfaces are widely used in Automotive and Space capsules. Surface modeling plays important roll in manufacturing for 4 and 5 axis machining. CNC code changes automatically if CAD geometry modifies is one of the greatest advantages. Further CAD provides Versatile formats, Brilliant Presentation, Updated Export import facility with the other CAD formats. The modern CAD System Helps Product Design under practical constrains, Helps enormously Imaginative concept, Provides Optimality of design that are Value engineered for cost, Drawing produced form 3D confirms to updated ANSI, ISO Etc.
II) What is CAM?
CAM (computer aided manufacturing) is defined as “the effective use of computer technology in manufacturing planning and control”. Often there is confusion between the term manufacturing and production. Proving the component that is to be produced in large quantity is called manufacturing technology. That mainly includes planning the tools, fixtures, feed, and speed and also Selection of Materials, CNC machine, Program version and capable CAM systems, process planning etc. Once it is proved the component may allot for the production which produce in lots. This includes capacity planning, costing, Time management etc. A typical CAM includes a CAM system, CNC machine with compactable controller DNC link for feeding the program. The CAM job is to generate the program based on the geometric model. DNC job is to communicate the program to the Dummy terminal and to the CNC M/Cs which cuts the raw material to the finished part. The modern CAM system provides 5Axies facility to machine the most intricate parts at one setting. Some CAM system provides color coding for the extra part material that still to be machined.
III) What is CIM?
Computer Integrated Manufacturing is an integrated approach to maintain a Common Database for CAD, CAM and Business control. CIM includes all of the CAD/CAM, R&D, e-Publishing and also embrace the business functions of a manufacturing. CIM implements computer technology in all the operational and information processing activities related to manufacturing.
University Engineering Subjects and Their Respective Computer Based Tools
S.No Engineering Subjects CAD/CAE/CAM
01 Strength of Material Finite Element Analysis,
02 Theory of Machines Digital Mock-up, Kinematics Simulation
03 Fluid Power Computational Fluid Dynamics, Pipe design
04 Production Tech NC,CNC, DNC, CAM CIM, RP
05 Machine Design C A Design, PLM,
06 Machine Drawing C A Drafting
07 Industrial Engineering CAPP, layout design for a manufacturing plant.
08 Equipments & System Electrical Harness ,Cable system, PCB Design
09 Heat transfer, fridge & AC HVAC Tools
10 Engineering metrology Tolerance & Interference Analysis Tools, CMM, RE
11 Tool Engineering Mould Flow Analysis, PT Design,
13 Power Plant Engineering Thermal Analysis
14 Electrical M/Cs Electro magnetic Field Analysis coupled-field analysis
15 Element of M/C Design MechCAD
2) Emerging Trends in CAD/CAM
Product development cycle Reverse Engineering Rapid prototyping Product life cycle management Virtual Manufacturing are emerging trends in CAD/CAM Technologies.
PLM is business strategy that helps companies share product data, applies common processes, and leverage corporate knowledge for the development of products from conception to retirement, across the extended enterprise PLM enables this entire network to operate as a single entity to conceptualise, design, build, and support products. Reverse Engineering The process of duplicating an existing part, component or product, without the aid o drawings, documentation, or computer model is known as Reverse Engineering. Reverse engineering involves acquiring 3D position data in the point cloud using laser scanners or by CMM’s Probe. A good surface is created from the point cloud using CAD System. Rapid Prototyping A family of unique fabrication processes developed to make engineering prototypes in minimum lead time based on a CAD model for testing purpose. 3D Printer is one of example which capture the CAD Model and print the by slicing the model in large quantity and prints it in the specific device attached to the CAD System. Virtual Manufacturing is nothing but manufacturing in the computer. The traditional design tools of manufacturing, CAD and CAM, can be significantly extended through VR. Using VR techniques, a complete "walk-through" of a design can be used to give an environment like feel.
National Institutes offering CAD/CAM
S.No Institution Course Offered Duration
01 CITD Hyderabad (An UNDP Pro.) SIDO TRAnd Extension Center across AP ME/MTech (IIPP)Short TermLong Term 3Yrs6 Months01` Yrs
02 Central Tool Room(Indo-German)Ludiana, SIDO TR Short TermRapid Prototype 01 to 06 Months
03 CTTC(An Indo-Danish Pro), SIDO Organization, Ministry of SSIBhubaneswer. Post Dip. CAD/CAM Adv. CNC TechMaster Certificate CAD/CAMSummer Pro. CAD,CAM,IAMTech -IIPP(Proposed) 01 Yr06 Month05 Months 30 to 45 Days02Yrs
04 IDTR, Jamsedpur, CTTC- Kolkkata SIDO Organization, Ministry of SSI PD in CAD/CAMShort Course 06 Months01 to 6 Months
05 IGTR Indore, Ahamadabad, Aurangabad, SIDO Organization, Ministry of SSI PD CAD/CAMShort course 01 Yr01-06 Month
06 NSIC- Training Centre Across the countryMinistry of SSI CAD/CAM Short Course 01 to 06 Months
07 PPDC- IDEMI,Mumbai-ESTC,NainitalSIDO Organization, Ministry of SSI PD cad/camShort Course 01 Yr01-06 Months
08 ATI/CTI - National Institutes - Across the CountryMinistry of Labor Short course CAD/CAM 01 To 06 Months
09 CIPET(An UNDP Pro.), Ministry of Chemical & Fertilizer Chennai, and Its Extension centers CAD/CAM Short course 1 to 6 Months
11 Anna University,AU-FRG Initiative Chennai CAD/CAM Short CourseAnd Part time Cad courses 01 Months Onwards…
12 IITs - National Institutes Across the Country M.Des 03Yrs
Some of them are formal PG Programs and many of them are Job oriented short/long programs. Many of the institutions are conducting one month to one year industry specific program which assures the job with less difficulty. The SIDO Establishment programs are designed carefully by the Task force committee of National standard by the Experts based on the need analysis. Most institution does intensive Tracer study and keeps the data-base of the alumnus. These activities keep this institution close to the industries and make the programs most effective.
Many fresh Mechanical, Production Automobile even electronic & electrical engineers wrongly thinks IT is the only way out. So mostly they fall in the trap of only doing some programming course which they haven’t studied in their Engineering carrier. There are ample of opportunity for the Engineering solution like Product modeling, Kinematics simulation, Manufacturing, Finite Element Analysis, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computer based structural analysis, Piping design, Electrical Harness Installation, PCB design, Assembly Mountings etc. Fresh Engineers must identify potential institute for training in CAD/CAM.
All CAD/CAM programs suits to the fresh engineers of Diploma to Degree to Post graduation and even experienced professionals can also do CAD/CAM courses for skill up gradation or to change the carrier to CAD/CAM.
3) Opportunities
Liberation of economic made gate way for many countries to open their technological, Design and manufacturing center in India. Chennai is one of the brightest examples for this and become next to Detroit, a world head quarter for automobile sector. Many of our Industrial giants working on the projects of aerospace, railway and automotive sectors which give more lucrative rewards for CAD/CAM Engineers. The sensitive Indian labor market doesn’t affect the CAD/CAM related work force because our market place has become really global. Hence the CAD/CAM professionals having fare chance to work at their client place like Australia, Japan, USA, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada etc due the project collaborations. A freshly and perfectly CAD/CAM trained Engineer gets salary as good as 10000INR to 20000INR and with two/three years experienced professionals gets salary as high as 35000 INR a unexplored true factor.